Ion Exchange in Natural Clinoptilolite: Aspects Related to Its Structure and Applications

Clinoptilolite is one of the most common, widespread and abundant zeolites in nature. Its availability, low cost, outstanding ion exchange properties make clinoptilolite an excellent candidate for both direct use various modifications to create new low-cost functional materials sustainable development. Specific applications which already being used include water treatment heavy metal removal, agricultural purposes, storage conversion unwanted gaseous emissions into atmosphere, production catalysts photocatalysts, bioactive materials, a number others. Unlike some other zeolites, difficult synthesize, why publications refer this zeolite its natural form, either directly from deposit or after applying processes mineral improve properties. Among modification methods used, stands out. This review devoted study with two goals: first, as strategic property cation fundamentally necessary; second, way modify it composite predetermined desired